sonnet18主题英文翻译网-翻译资讯百科大全

sonnet18主题英文

ParaphraseA facsimile of the original printing of Sonnet 18.The poem starts with a flattering question to the beloved—"Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" The beloved is both "more lovely and more temperate" than a summer's day. The speaker lists some negative things about summer: it is short—"summer's lease hath all too short a date"—and sometimes the sun is too hot—"Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines." However, the beloved has beauty that will last forever, unlike the fleeting beauty of a summer's day. By putting his love's beauty into the form of poetry, the poet is preserving it forever. "So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee." The lover's beauty will live on, through the poem which will last as long as it can be read.[edit]The poem(in modern spelling and punctuation)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date,Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed.But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.[edit]ContextThe poem is part of the Fair Youth sequence (which comprises sonnets 1-126 in the accepted numbering stemming from the first edition in 1609). It is also the first of the cycle after the opening sequence now described as the Procreation sonnets, although some scholars see it as a part of the Procreation sonnets, as it still addresses the idea of reaching eternal life through the written word, a theme of sonnets 15-17. In this view, it can be seen as part of a transition to sonnet 20's time theme.[1] There are many theories about the identity of the 1609 Quarto's enigmatic dedicatee, Mr. W.H. Some scholars suggest that this poem may be expressing a hope that the Procreation sonnets despaired of: the hope of metaphorical procreation in a homosexual relationship.[2] Other scholars have pointed out that the order in which the sonnets are placed may have been the decision of publishers and not of Shakespeare. This introduces the possibility that Sonnet 18 was originally intended for a woman.[3][edit]StructureSonnet 18A reading of Sonnet 18Problems listening to this file? See media help.Sonnet 18 is a typical English or Shakespearean sonnet. It consists of three quatrains followed by a couplet, and has the characteristic rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. The poem carries the meaning of an Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet. Petrarchan sonnets typically discussed the love and beauty of a beloved, often an unattainable love, but not always.[4] It also contains a volta, or shift in the poem's subject matter, beginning with the third quatrain.[5]Syllabic structure of a line of Sonnet 18[6]Stress x / x / x / x / x /Syllable Thou art more love- ly and more temp- pe- rate[edit]Exegesis"Complexion" in line six, can have two meanings: 1) The outward appearance of the face as compared with the sun ("the eye of heaven") in the previous line, or 2) the older sense of the word in relation to The four humours. In the time of Shakespeare, "complexion" carried both outward and inward meanings, as did the word "temperate" (externally, a weather condition; internally, a balance of humours). The second meaning of "complexion" would communicate that the beloved's inner, cheerful, and temperate disposition is sometimes blotted out like the sun on a cloudy day. The first meaning is more obvious, meaning of a negative change in his outward appearance.[7]The word, "untrimmed" in line eight, can be taken two ways: First, in the sense of loss of decoration and frills, and second, in the sense of untrimmed sails on a ship. In the first interpretation, the poem reads that beautiful things naturally lose their fanciness over time. In the second, it reads that nature is a ship with sails not adjusted to wind changes in order to correct course. This, in combination with the words "nature's changing course", creates an oxymoron: the unchanging change of nature, or the fact that the only thing that does not change is change. This line in the poem creates a shift from the mutability of the first eight lines, into the eternity of the last six. Both change and eternity are then acknowledged and challenged by the final line.[4]"Ow'st" in line ten can also carry two meanings equally common at the time: "ownest" and "owest". Many readers interpret it as "ownest", as do many Shakespearean glosses ("owe" in Shakespeare's day, was sometimes used as a synonym for "own"). However, "owest" delivers an interesting view on the text. It conveys the idea that beauty is something borrowed from nature—that it must be paid back as time progresses. In this interpretation, "fair" can be a pun on "fare", or the fare required by nature for life's journey.[8] Other scholars have pointed out that this borrowing and lending theme within the poem is true of both nature and humanity. Summer, for example, is said to have a "lease" with "all too short a date." This monetary theme is common in many of Shakespeare's sonnets, as it was an everyday theme in his budding capitalistic society.[9][edit]Notes

我们老师讲的是friendship and humanity,我上次查了下，好像还有beauty and youth

译文：

A：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day？

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，

B：Thou art more lovely and more temperate。

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

B：And summer's lease hath all too short a date。

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

C：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines，

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，

D：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd；

但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

C：And every fair from fair sometimes declines，

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，

D：By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed。

难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

E：But thy eternal summer shall not fade，

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，

F：Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st；

你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

E：Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade，

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，

F：When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st。

只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

G：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see，

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

G：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee。

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

扩展资料

创作背景

十四行诗是源于意大利民间的一种抒情短诗，文艺复兴初期时盛行于整个欧洲，其结构十分严谨，分为上下两部分，上段为八行，下段为六行，每行十一个音节，韵脚排列：abba abba,cdc ded。莎士比亚的十四行诗的结构却更严谨，他将十四个诗行分为两部分，第一部分为三个四行，第二部分为两行，每行十个音节，韵脚为：abab，cdcd，efef，gg。

这样的格式后来被称为“莎士比亚式”或“伊丽莎白式”。对诗人而言，诗的结构越严谨就越难抒情，而莎士比亚的十四行诗却毫不拘谨，自由奔放，正如他的剧作天马行空，其诗歌的语言也富于想象，感情充沛。

莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫揉造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。

据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。

莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。

诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。

五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。

而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。

“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。

On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever. 这是我在百度找到的，截了两段。如果不全面的话你可以自己去看看，这是网址。

sonnet18英文

译文：

A：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day？

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，

B：Thou art more lovely and more temperate。

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

B：And summer's lease hath all too short a date。

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

C：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines，

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，

D：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd；

但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

C：And every fair from fair sometimes declines，

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，

D：By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed。

难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

E：But thy eternal summer shall not fade，

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，

F：Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st；

你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

E：Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade，

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，

F：When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st。

只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

G：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see，

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

G：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee。

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

扩展资料

创作背景

“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

诗原文：

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

And summer's lease hath all too short a date.

Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;

And every fair from fair sometime declines,

By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed.

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;

Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.

So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

译文：

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，

但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，

难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，

你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，

只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

扩展资料：

莎士比亚十四行诗特点及赏析：

“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。

参考资料来源：百度百科-sonnet 18

Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever. 已经是最佳答案了，给我加分啊~~

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.------------------大意：1 how can i compare you to a summer's day?2 you are more lovely and more temperate3 the pretty flowers in the month of May can be shaken by wind,4 and summer's beauty is too short even to be a day5 the sun in summer can be too hot6 and often the sunshine can be interrupted by clouds.7 all beauties become inferior compared to their previous state of beauty8 so are nature's beauty through changes(they all decline from perfectness)9 but your eternal summer(praises and promises in this sonnet) shall not fade10 nor lose the beauty you once possessed and owned11 nor death can drag you away by its shade12 in these sonnet lines you'll always grow13 so long as men can breathe or eyes can see,14 so long as this sonnet exist and this sonnet will give life to you不明白可以查字典，我已经尽力了

sonnet18中英文

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英文原版：

A：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

B：Thou art more lovely and more temperate.

A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

B：And summer's lease hath all too short a date.

C：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

D：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd;

C：And every fair from fair sometime declines,

D：By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed.

E：But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

F：Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;

E：Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

F：When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.

G：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,

G：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

中文翻译：

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，

但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，

难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，

你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，

只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

扩展资料：

这首诗出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》，本诗是第十八首，也是较为著名的一首。莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。

赏析：

作者简介：

威廉·莎士比亚是欧洲文艺复兴时期最重要的作家，杰出的戏剧家和诗人，他在欧洲文学史上占有特殊的地位，被喻为“人类文学奥林匹克山上的宙斯”。他亦跟古希腊三大悲剧家埃斯库勒斯(Aeschylus)、索福克里斯(Sophocles)及欧里庇得斯(Euripides)合称戏剧史上四大悲剧家。

参考资料：sonnet 18--百度百科

sonnet18翻译是如下：

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

此诗出自《莎士比亚十四行诗》，这本诗集收录了莎士比亚的十四行诗共154首，本诗是第十八首，也是较为著名的一首。

诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。但“你”却比夏天可爱多了，这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。

“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

sonnet18英文翻译

译文：

A：Shall I compare thee to a summer's day？

或许我可用夏日把你来比方，

B：Thou art more lovely and more temperate。

但你比夏日更可爱也更温良。

A：Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May，

夏风狂作常摧落五月的娇蕊，

B：And summer's lease hath all too short a date。

夏季的期限也未免还不太长。

C：Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines，

有时天眼如炬人间酷热难当，

D：And often is his gold complexion dimm'd；

但转瞬金面如晦，云遮雾障。

C：And every fair from fair sometimes declines，

每一种美都终究会凋残零落，

D：By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed。

难免见弃于机缘与天道无常。

E：But thy eternal summer shall not fade，

但你永恒的夏季却不会消亡，

F：Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st；

你优美的形象也永不会消亡。

E：Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade，

死神难夸口说你深陷其罗网，

F：When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st。

只因你借我诗行可长寿无疆。

G：So long as men can breathe or eyes can see，

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，

G：So long lives this, and this gives life to thee。

我诗必长存，使你万世流芳。

扩展资料

创作背景

“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

sonnet18意象分析英文

Sonnet 18 Shall I pare thee to a summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold plexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. 我能否将你比作夏天? 你比夏天更美丽温婉. 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残, 夏日的勾留何其短暂. 休恋那丽日当空, 转眼会云雾迷蒙. 休叹那百花飘零, 催折于无常的天命. 唯有你永恒的夏日常新, 你的美貌亦毫发无损. 死神也无缘将你幽禁, 你在我永恒的诗中长存. 只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇, 这诗就将不朽,永葆你的芳颜. 正如同一个人可以有不止一张照片或者画像那样,一首诗歌也可以有不止一个翻译.这照片、画像、翻译自然不会完全相同,会有优劣好坏的差别.但是,由于欣赏者的口味不一,在不同的欣赏者眼里,不同的作品会有不同的得分. 这首诗的艺术特点首先是在于它有着双重主题：一是赞美诗人爱友的美貌,二是歌颂了诗歌艺术的不朽力量.其次就是诗人在诗中运用了新颖的比喻,但又自然而生动.

第一次读英文诗，欢迎指教。朗读：Jeff 麦克风：Shure MV51 音频后期：Adobe Audition 视频后期：Adobe Premiere Pro BGM：Send Me A Letter - Robin Spielberg

Critical Commentaries Sonnet 18 One of the best known of Shakespeare’s sonnets, Sonnet 18 is memorable for the skillful and varied presentation of subject matter, in which the poet’s feelings reach a level of rapture unseen in the previous sonnets. The poet here abandons his quest for the youth to have a child, and instead glories in the youth’s beauty. Initially, the poet poses a question—”Shall I pare thee to a summer’s day?”—and then reflects on it, remarking that the youth’s beauty far surpasses summer’s delights. The imagery is the very essence of simplicity: “wind” and “buds.” In the fourth line, legal terminology—”summer’s lease”—is introduced in contrast to the monplace images in the first three lines. Note also the poet’s use of extremes in the phrases “more lovely,” “all too short,” and “too hot”; these phrases emphasize the young man’s beauty. Although lines 9 through 12 are marked by a more expansive tone and deeper feeling, the poet returns to the simplicity of the opening images. As one expects in Shakespeare’s sonnets, the proposition that the poet sets up in the first eight lines—that all nature is subject to imperfection—is now contrasted in these next four lines beginning with “But.” Although beauty naturally declines at some point—”And every fair from fair sometime declines”—the youth’s beauty will not; his unchanging appearance is atypical of nature’s steady progression. Even death is impotent against the youth’s beauty. Note the ambiguity in the phrase “eternal lines”: Are these “lines” the poet’s verses or the youth’s hoped-for children? Or are they simply wrinkles meant to represent the process of aging? Whatever the answer, the poet is jubilant in this sonnet because nothing threatens the young man’s beautiful appearance. Then follows the concluding couplet: “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” The poet is describing not what the youth is but what he will be ages hence, as captured in the poet’s eternal verse—or again, in a hoped-for child. Whatever one may feel about the sentiment expressed in the sonnet and especially in these last two lines, one cannot help but notice an abrupt change in the poet’s own estimate of his poetic writing. Following the poet’s disparaging reference to his “pupil pen” and “barren rhyme” in Sonnet 16, it es as a surprise in Sonnet 18 to find him boasting that his poetry will be eternal. __________________________________________________________________ 18 Summary The speaker opens the poem with a question addressed to the beloved: "Shall I pare thee to a summer's day?" The next eleven lines are devoted to such a parison. In line 2, the speaker stipulates what mainly differentiates the young man from the summer's day: he is "more lovely and more temperate." Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are shaken by "rough winds"; in them, the sun ("the eye of heaven") often shines "too hot," or too dim. And summer is fleeting: its date is too short, and it leads to the withering of autumn, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." The final quatrain of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in that respect: his beauty will last forever ("Thy eternal summer shall not fade...") and never die. In the couplet, the speaker explains how the beloved's beauty will acplish this feat, and not perish because it is preserved in the poem, which will last forever; it will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." Commentary This sonnet is certainly the most famous in the sequence of Shakespeare's sonnets; it may be the most famous lyric poem in English. Among Shakespeare's works, only lines such as "To be or not to be" and "Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?" are better-known. This is not to say that it is at all the best or most interesting or most beautiful of the sonnets; but the simplicity and loveliness of its praise of the beloved has guaranteed its place. On the surface, the poem is simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved; summer tends to unpleasant extremes of windiness and heat, but the beloved is always mild and temperate. Summer is incidentally personified as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold plexion"; the imagery throughout is simple and unaffected, with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the "eternal summer", which the speaker promises the beloved. The language, too, is paratively unadorned for the sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or assonance, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause--almost every line ends with some punctuation, which effects a pause. Sonnet 18 is the first poem in the sonnets not to explicitly encourage the young man to have children. The "procreation" sequence of the first 17 sonnets ended with the speaker's realization that the young man might not need children to preserve his beauty; he could also live, the speaker writes at the end of Sonnet 17, "in my rhyme." Sonnet 18, then, is the first "rhyme"--the speaker's first attempt to preserve the young man's beauty for all time. An important theme of the sonnet (as it is an important theme throughout much of the sequence) is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever, carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."

莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。来源：() - Sonnet18赏析_victoria_新浪博客

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