英语基本句型讲解
英语基本句型讲解
英语基本句式详解
想要学好英语怎么能不知道这些基本句式呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。
从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，
1.S(主) + Vi(不及物动词)(谓)
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语)
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(介词短语)
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式)
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词)
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主)+ Vt (及物动词)(谓)+ O(宾)
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式)
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise,
propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn,
observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss,
practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等。
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得)
, hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see
(看出)，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。
3. S (主)+ V(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ P(表)
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。
2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。
4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue,
hang等。
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词)
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj(形容词)
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词)
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health. 5) S + Lv + Participle(分词)
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主)+ VT (谓)+ In O(间接 宾) + D O(直接 宾)
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book.
I bought May a book. 2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来)， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe,
pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，
save, sing, spare等。
5. S (主)+ VT(谓)+ O(宾) + O C(宾补)
I make you clear. 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn,
want, wash, wipe, wish等。
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的.词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage,
expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request,
teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,
notice, see, watch等。
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词)
I heard my name called. I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice,
observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。
S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
英语基本句型介绍
英语句型有很多种，纷繁复杂的句型常常难倒一票英语学习者。下面是我为大家整理了英语基本句型介绍，希望能帮到大家！
句子的种类
（一）根据结构划分：
①简单句：（5种基本句型）
S+Vi（主+谓）
S+V系+ P (主+谓+表)
S+Vt+O（主+谓+宾）
S+Vt+IO+DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾）
S+Vt+O+OC（主+谓+宾+宾补）
②并列句and, but, or
（二）根据功能划分 ：
陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句等）
二 . 简单句的基本句型介绍：
1. 基本句型 一：主 + 谓 = S + V i （主＋不及物动词）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词，动词不定式，动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。
不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，此句型的句子有一个共同特点：即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的.意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
2. 基本句型 二： S + V系 + P （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
3. 基本句型 三： S + V t + O （主＋及物＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
4. 基本句型 四： S + V t + IO + DO （主＋及物＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。
5. 基本句型 五：S + V t + O + OC（主＋及物＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。
英语五大基本句型讲解
英语语法五大基本句型
英语句子是由主语(subject)、 谓语动词(verb)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、状语(adverbial)、宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成。以下是我整理的英语语法五大基本句型，我们一起看看吧!
一There be 句型
1、解释：“……地方有……”;
2、结构：
There be + 主语 + 地点状语
eg：There are some apples on the table.
3、考点：主谓一致
(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词，be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。
eg：
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语，be 的`单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。
eg：
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二主系表
1、结构：主语+系动词+表语
eg：
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系动词：
必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫系动词。
常见系动词：
(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/go
eg：
感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考点：系动词后面跟形容词
eg：
He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at，look at 解释为看着，look 是实义动词)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物，这里没有跟介词，单独行动，翻译/为“看上去”，是系动词，后跟形容词。)
三主谓宾
1、结构：主语+谓语+宾语
主语：动作发出者;
谓语：动作本身(实义动词);
宾语：动作承受者
eg：I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
四主谓宾宾
结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(物);间接宾语(人)——物直人间
eg：
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
谓语后跟间接宾语时，直接宾语前不需要介词;谓语后跟直接宾语时，间接宾语前加介词 to/for。
五主谓宾宾补
结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
宾补：一个宾语不能完整表达出意思，需要加一个补充成分来补足宾语使句意完整。
eg：
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.
六能力检测走起
一星题
There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much
C. is ,many D. is ,much
2. How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students
C. milk D. paper
3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a B. are some
C. has a D. have some
4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me
C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake
5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?
-Oh, that _______ good.
A. feels
C smells
两星题
1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
2. Roses in bloom smell ____.
A. sweetly B. sweet
C. sweeten D. sweetness
翻译：(如有单词提示，请用提示单词)
1. 我昨晚看见爸爸在工作。(并写出句型)
2. 他变得很生气。(get)(并写出句型)
3. 我给妈妈买了一本书。(通过变换宾语位置翻译出两句句子，并写出句型)
三星题
1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is
C. will be D. has been
2. There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
4. Canned food does not go ____.
A. bad easily B. badly easy `
C. bad easy D. badly easily
5..I will make your dream ____.
A. comes true B. to come true
C. coming truly D. come true
一There be 句型
1、解释：“……地方有……”;
2、结构：
There be + 主语 + 地点状语
eg：There are some apples on the table.
3、考点：主谓一致
(1)be 后名词是单数名词或不可数名词，be 用 is 或者 was;后接可数名词复数则用 are 或were。
eg：
There is an apple in the fridge.
There is some milk in the fridge.
There isn’t any / is no money in the box.
There are many girls in the room.
(2)如果 be 后面是几个并列名词作主语，be 的单复数和最靠近的名词保持一致——就近原则。
eg：
There is a book and two pencils on the desk.
There are two pencils and a book on the desk.
二主系表
1、结构：主语+系动词+表语
eg：
He is good.
He is a good student.
2、系动词：
必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语才能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫系动词。
常见系动词：
(1)be 动词——is/am/are/was/were
(2)感官动词——feel/look/sound/taste/smell
(3)表转变动词——get/grow/become/go
eg：
感官动词主系表——It looks perfect. 它看上去真完美。
表转变动词主系表——The sky grew dark./ It became dirty.
3、考点：系动词后面跟形容词
eg：
He looks at her happily.(happily 修饰 look at，look at 解释为看着，look 是实义动词)
He looks happy when he sees her.(look 不及物，这里没有跟介词，单独行动，翻译/为“看上去”，是系动词，后跟形容词。)
三主谓宾
1、结构：主语+谓语+宾语
主语：动作发出者;
谓语：动作本身(实义动词);
宾语：动作承受者
eg：I walk a bear. 我溜一只熊。
四主谓宾宾
结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
双宾语：直接宾语(物);间接宾语(人)——物直人间
eg：
I give him the book.
I give the book to him.
谓语后跟间接宾语时，直接宾语前不需要介词;谓语后跟直接宾语时，间接宾语前加介词 to/for。
五主谓宾宾补
结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
宾补：一个宾语不能完整表达出意思，需要加一个补充成分来补足宾语使句意完整。
eg：
He made me happy.
I keep the room tidy.
My mother saw me doing housework.
六能力检测走起
一星题
There___ not ____ milk in the cup on the table .
A. are, many B. are , much
C. is ,many D. is ,much
2. How many ___ are there in the room ?
A. apple B. students
C. milk D. paper
3. There ____ pencil-box, two books and some flowers on the desk.
A. is a B. are some
C. has a D. have some
4. Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.
A. made a cake to me B. made a cake me
C. made for me a cake D. made me a cake
5. -Shall we go for a picnic in the park this Saturday?
-Oh, that _______ good.
A. feels
C smells
两星题
1. There ____ a lot of good news in today's newspaper.
A. is B. are
C. was D. were
2. Roses in bloom smell ____.
A. sweetly B. sweet
C. sweeten D. sweetness
翻译：(如有单词提示，请用提示单词)
1. 我昨晚看见爸爸在工作。(并写出句型)
2. 他变得很生气。(get)(并写出句型)
3. 我给妈妈买了一本书。(通过变换宾语位置翻译出两句句子，并写出句型)
三星题
1. - Is this the last exam we have to take ? - No, but there ____ another test three months later from now.
A. will be going to B. is
C. will be D. has been
2. There ______ great changes in such kind of computers in the last few years.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
3. There ________ a football match on TV this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. has D. is going to have
4. Canned food does not go ____.
A. bad easily B. badly easy `
C. bad easy D. badly easily
5..I will make your dream ____.
A. comes true B. to come true
C. coming truly D. come true
一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道，一个句子是为了说明一件事（或表达一种感情），最简单的表达方式，就是“谁，怎么样了”。这里的'“谁”，就是句子的主语，它的内涵很丰富，可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”，就是句子的谓语，由动词充当。主语+谓语，即构成一个最简单的句子。举一些简单的例子：
I dance.
She died.
we agree.
……
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语，宾语是什么呢？还是从句子表达事情的角度看，可以理解为“谁，对谁怎么样了”。宾语，就是主语借助一个动作（谓语）作用的一个对象。还是举一些简单的例子：
I hate him.
I love you.
I dance with her.（注意，为什么这里多了一个with，学过动词那一节的同学肯定知道哦~）
……
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里，我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语，直接宾语，就是谓语动词直接作用的对象，而间接宾语，是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的对象，再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
如，I give him a book.（“给”，这个动作，最终作用的对象是“书”，但需要先通过“他”，把“给”这个动作传递到书）
注意，如果理解不了这种句型，关系并不大，只有很少一些动词需要通过接两个宾语的方式来表达完整的意思，记住这些动词就行了。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2，这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语，“补足”意思就是补充说明，所以宾语补足语的作用，就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
I want you to go with me.（我要你，要你干什么呢？to go with me，即要你跟我一些走，这个部分就是宾语补足语。）
注意，在这种句型中，补足语可能不是一个具体的单词。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗？我们在动词那一节也讲过哦，这里就不复习了。这个句型，就是在讲如何使用系动词。表语，就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称，不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词，其后一般接形容词；be动词后一般接名词（或不定式等）。同样举一些最简单的例子：
It smells good.
She is a teacher.
五大基本句型英语包括：主系表句型、主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾补结构以及主谓+直接宾语+间接宾语的结构。
1、主语+系动词+表语
主系表结构是指英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
例句有：The bus stop is just across the road.公交车停在路对面。
2、主语+谓语
主谓结构，指由一个或者若干个主语，加上一个或若干个谓语，所组成的句式。主谓句由表示陈述和被陈述关系的2个成分组成，表示被陈述对象是主语 ，主谓短语作谓语的句子叫主谓谓语句。
例句有：We would like some water.我们想要一些水。
3、主语+谓语+宾语
主谓宾，一种文法的表达方式。语法顺序为主语-谓语-宾语的结构。其主要内容是表示简单的句子，在英语中很常见。
例句有：I play basketball 我玩篮球。
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的对象，有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。
例句有：Mum bought my sister a present. 妈妈给我妹妹买了一份礼物。
5、主语+谓语+宾语+补语.
例句:We should make our country beautiful. 我们应该让我们的城市漂亮。
英语基本句型和复合句讲解
复合句
复合句(Complex Sentence)由一个主句(Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(Subordinate Clause)构成。
主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。
宾语从句的语法意义及结构
语法意义： 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词(that, whether, if)、连接代词(which, what, who, whose, whom)或连接副词(where, how, when, why)等引导。及物动词、介词或某些系表结构后可带宾语从句。
句型结构： 主语+谓语+引导词+主语+谓语(+其他成分)
结果状语从句
连词有：so … that, such … that
(1) so...that"如此……以致"，that在非正式文体中可以省略，so后面接形容词或副词。如：
She spoke __________ fast ___________ nobody could catch what she was saying.
她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
There is _________ little time left _________ I have to tell you about it later.
现在剩下的时间不多了，我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
(2) such...that"如此……以致",
具体内 容是：①such +形容词+名词+that从句。其中的'名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数，也可以是不可数名词。
② such +a/an+形容词+单数名词+that从句,可换成so+形容词+a/an+单数名词+that从句。如：
The Japanese student made _________ rapid progress __________ he soon began to write article in Chinese.
那个日本留学生进步很快，不久就开始用中文写文章了。
The professor told us __________________________ all the students laughed.
=___________________________________________________________________________.
教授讲了个很有趣的故事，(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
She is _________ beautiful __________ everyone likes her.
= ___________________________________________________________________________.
英语定语从句知识点：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3. 先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.
初中英语知识点总结：
1. Why don’t you do sth.?
2. make sb. Happy
3. borrow sth. from sb.
4. forget to do sth.
5. pay fro sth.
6. return sth. To sb.
7. learn sth. from sb.
8. be famous for sth.
9. No matter what…
10. be with sb.
11. go on doing sth.
12. speak highly of sb.
13. keep doing sth.
14. allow sb. To do sth.
15. encourage sb. to do sth.
16. It is said that…
复合句的五种基本句型及例句是：
1、主+动：
I work。我工作。
2、主+动+表：
John is busy。约翰忙。
3、主+动+宾：
She studies English。她学英语。
4、主+动+宾+补：
Time would prove me right。时间会证明我是对的。
5、主+动+间宾+直宾：
My mother made me a new dress。我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
复合句的特点：
复合句分为并列句和从属复合句。并列复合句是有并列连词：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。用疑问词作引导词，主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。
《高中英语语法-简单句、并列句和复合句》由我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 简单句、并列句和复合句 (一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn't hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don't talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is! 2、按句子的结构可分三种: 1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 . He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 . You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。 3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。 . The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. (二)简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语:. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词:. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语:. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):. Tom made the baby laugh. 注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 (三)并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John. 2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train. 3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. (四)高考考点探讨 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多,但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解,在书面表达中,没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目,几个考点,是近几年命题的发展趋势。 3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如:and, but, or, while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。 4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起,以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显,时间从句与条件从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句则用一般式表将来,这一点在高考中经常考查。 如:We will go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow。 练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句 一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句: 1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 3. There is a chair in this room, isn't there? 4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening. 5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn't it? 9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句: I hope you are very well( ). I'm fine, but tired( ). Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm( ). August is the hottest month here( ). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.( ) Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors( ). We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat( ). We have a lot of machines on the farm( ). Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him( ). But he employs more men for the harvest( ). My brother takes care of the vegetable garden( ). It doesn't often rain in the summer here( ). As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden( ). Every evening we pump water from a well( ). It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden( ). Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time( ). These parties often make us very happy( ). We cook meat on an open fire outside( ). It's great( )! Americans eat a lot of meat - too much in my opinion( ). Some of my friends drink beer( ). I don't, because I have to drive home after the party( ). In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States( ). There are five different time areas in the States( ). In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time( ). How many different time areas do you have in China( )? Well, I must stop and get some sleep( ). Please give my best regards to your parents( ). 三、选择填空: 1. Give me one more minute ____ I'll be able to finish it. A. and B. or C. if D. so 2. It's the third time that John has been late, ____? A. hasn't he B. isn't he C. isn't it D. hasn't it 3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an 4. Let us pass, ____? A. shan't we B. shall we C. won't we D. will you 5. I suppose he's serious, ____ ? A. do I B. don't I C. is he D. isn't he 6. You had better not smoke here, ____? A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you 7. Train as hard as you can ____ you'll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or 8. I'm sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. and B. but C. so D. because 9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____. A. Henry hasn't too B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry 10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming. A. or B. for C. while D. so 11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home? ---- I'd like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so 12. ---- "____ is the temperature today?" ----"It's 38 degrees." A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high 13. ---- Your uncle isn't an engineer, is he? ---- ____. A. Yes, he isn't B. No, he isn't C. No, he is D. He is 14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone! A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is 15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired. A. or B. so C. for D. yet 16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made 17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library. A. but B. and C. or D. yet 18. ---- I'd really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. ---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he 20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I've lost it. A. since B. but C. because D. so 21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby's asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 22. ---- I don't like chicken ____ fish. ---- I don't like chicken ____ I like fish very much. A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but 23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I'd like to, ____ I'm too busy. A. and B. so C. as D. but 24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away? A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise 25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later. A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived 26. "Can't you read?" Mary said ____ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed 27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while 28. ____ it with me and I'll see what I can do. A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you 30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does. A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch 四、按要求完成下列句子: 1. He dares to tell the truth.(改为否定句) 2. They have lived here for more than ten years.(对画线部分提问) 3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?(完成反意疑问) 4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.(改为祈使句) 5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句) 6. It is an interesting story.(改为感叹句) 7. This magazine comes out(出版)every other week.(对画线部分提问) 8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?(完成反意疑问) 9. The moon is shining brightly.(改为感叹句) English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. (对画线部分提问) 《高中英语语法-简单句、并列句和复合句》由我整理
五大基本句型讲解英语兔
英语五大基本句型如下：
1、 Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)。这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。
2、Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)。这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。
3、Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
4、 Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺。
常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。
5、Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)。这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。
宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。
五大基本句型英语包括：主系表句型、主谓结构、主谓宾结构、主谓宾补结构以及主谓+直接宾语+间接宾语的结构。
1、主语+系动词+表语
主系表结构是指英语句子中的主要成分是主语、系动词和表语。
例句有：The bus stop is just across the road.公交车停在路对面。
2、主语+谓语
主谓结构，指由一个或者若干个主语，加上一个或若干个谓语，所组成的句式。主谓句由表示陈述和被陈述关系的2个成分组成，表示被陈述对象是主语 ，主谓短语作谓语的句子叫主谓谓语句。
例句有：We would like some water.我们想要一些水。
3、主语+谓语+宾语
主谓宾，一种文法的表达方式。语法顺序为主语-谓语-宾语的结构。其主要内容是表示简单的句子，在英语中很常见。
例句有：I play basketball 我玩篮球。
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
直接宾语是及物动词的对象，有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。
例句有：Mum bought my sister a present. 妈妈给我妹妹买了一份礼物。
5、主语+谓语+宾语+补语.
例句:We should make our country beautiful. 我们应该让我们的城市漂亮。
英语五大基本句型:
主语+谓语的句型;
主语+谓语+宾语;
主语+谓语+双宾语（(直接宾语+间接宾语)﹔
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语;主语+系动词+表语。
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
在英语当中句子按其用途可分为四个种类:
1、陈述句，用以陈述事实。
2、疑问句，用以提出问题。
3、祈使句，用以表示命令请求等。
4、感叹句，用以表示各种强烈的感情。
英语的基本句型按结构分主要有五种:
1、主语加动词加表语。
2、主语加动词。
3、主语加动词加宾语。
4、主语加动词加间接宾语加直接宾语。
5、主语加动词加宾语加补语。
英语的基本句型结构讲解
一、句型1——主语+谓语
我们知道，一个句子是为了说明一件事（或表达一种感情），最简单的表达方式，就是“谁，怎么样了”。这里的“谁”，就是句子的主语，它的内涵很丰富，可以是人、物、某种行为等。“怎么样了”，就是句子的谓语，由动词充当。主语+谓语，即构成一个最简单的句子。
二、句型2——主语+谓语+宾语
句型2在句型1的基础上多了一个宾语，宾语是什么呢？还是从句子表达事情的角度看，可以理解为“谁，对谁怎么样了”。宾语，就是主语借助一个动作（谓语）作用的一个对象。
三、句型3——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型里，我们发现谓语后面跟了两个宾语，直接宾语，就是谓语动词直接作用的对象，而间接宾语，是指谓语需要先借助于一个间接的.对象，再把动作传递到直接宾语身上。
四、句型4——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
相对于句型2，这种句型中又多了一个宾语补足语，“补足”意思就是补充说明，所以宾语补足语的作用，就是用来补充说明宾语怎么样了。
五、句型5——主语+系动词+表语
还记得系动词吗？我们在动词那一节也讲过哦，这里就不复习了。这个句型，就是在讲如何使用系动词。表语，就是跟在系动词后面的成分的一个统称，不用过分在意它是什么意思。感官类系动词，其后一般接形容词；be动词后一般接名词（或不定式等）。
【篇一】关于英语基本句子结构分析
1. 主语(subject)：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate)：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语：1)动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
【篇二】关于英语基本句子结构分析
一、主语+不及物动词(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
【篇三】关于英语基本句子结构分析
1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
英语句式的几种基本结构如下：
一、陈述句
1、肯定句：基本结构为“主+谓”结构以及它的补充结构
（1）主语+be动词（am\is\are）+表语
She is beautiful.
她长得很漂亮。
I am tall.
我长得很高。
They are handsome.
他们长得很帅.
（2） 主语+谓语（不及物动词）
The Flower is Blooming .花开了
The bell rang.铃声响了。
当谓语动词是不及物动词的时候，虽然后面不可以跟宾语，但是可能跟状语用来修饰。
The car goes fast.车子开得很快。
The children run quickly.小朋友们跑得很快。
（3）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（+状语）
He wrote a letter last night.他昨天晚上写了一封信。
They are running in the playground.他们正在操场上跑步。
（4）主语+谓语（及的动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语
She passed me a ball.她把球传给我。
I give he an apple.我给她一个苹果。
2、否定句：就是肯定句之中包含了个“不……”
（1）将not放在be动词（am\is\are）之后
肯定句：I am a student.我是一个学生。
否定句：I am not a student.我不是一个学生。
肯定句：They are go to school.他们去学校了。
否定句：They are not go to school.他们没去学校。
那么is not 可以缩写成isn’t，are not 可以缩写成aren’t
二、感叹句：
1、What(+a/an)+名词
What a pity!真可惜！
2、What(+a/an)+形容词+名词
What a nice job!干的真棒！
3、What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语
What a beautiful girl she is !多么漂亮的女孩啊！
4、How+形容词+主语+谓语
How clever the girl is !这个女孩真聪明！
5、How+副词+主语+谓语
How hard you study!你学习真努力！
三、疑问句
Be动词+主语……？
Is he a student?他是一名学生吗？
四、祈使句
动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分（简称为do型）
Go and wash your hands.去洗你的手。（命令语气）
Be quiet, please.请保持安静。（请求）
Be kind to the children.对孩子们要友好。（劝告）
Watch your steps.走路小心。（警告）