英语五大时态

英语五大时态
五、 现在完成时现在完成时由have的人称形式加过去分词构成。他的肯定、否定及疑问形式如下: i have read it. i have not read it. have you read it? 现在完成时表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况,可以是: 1. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能时多次动作的总和,也可表示状态和习惯性动作): we have opened up 200 mu of land this year. how many pages have you covered today? i haven’t seen him for many days. 2. 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作: the delegation has already left. i have seen the film many times. the city has taken on a new look. 注: 这个时态有时还可以表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的情况,也可以说是一种经历: all our children have had measles. man’s hairs have grown white in a single might. he says that he has seen a meteor at some time. 这个时态的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系,或是讲迄今为止这一段时间的情况,或是讲一个影响现状的动作,这样它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系起来。根据这个特点我们可以判断什么时候用一般过去时,什么时候用现在完成时: 1. 当有一个表示过去某时的状语(包括when)时,不能用现在完成时: i saw her a minute ago. just now xiao lin came to see you. when did you get to know it? 2.当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,多用现在完成时: up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees. we haven’t had any physical training classes this week. he has learned a good deal since he came here. 3.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never这类副词作状语时,常可用现在完成时: this is the second game. they ’ve already won a game. have you got the plan ready yet? ?no, not yet. i’ve just received a money order. 4.在单独谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时,如果谈一件已经发生的事,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,多用现在完成时: did you get up very early? has he got up? what did you have for lunch? have you had lunch? i got the news from xiao yu. i’ve got no news from him. 注: 有since引起的状语时,主要谓语通常用完成时态: we met in 1972,and have been good friends ever since (then). it has rained a great deal since you left. we haven’t seen each other again since them (since we parted in 1952). 但在表示时间长度时可用一般现在时。 l 在使用一个表示状态的动词(如be, seem等)作谓语时,间或也可用现在时态: it’s ok since i fixed it. it seems a long time since i was here. i’m getting interested in china since you came here. 间或用过去时,特别时在口语中。 i lost ten pounds since i started swimming. 在since引起的状语从句中,通常用一般过去时。但间或可用现在完成时: i haven’t seen him since i have been back. since i have known her, she has been fond of sports. 有时同样一句汉语,由于使用场合不用,译成英语时可能需要不同时态: has xiao yang come? did xiao yang come? how many people have gone to the factory? how many people went to the factory? we haven’t invited him. we didn’t invite him. 有时同样一个动作,也随着说话的意图不同而用不同时态表示: has he gone to town? how did he go there? 后一句谈动作本身,与现在无联系。 have you had your lunch? where did you have it? 你吃中午饭了吗?在那吃的? has she left? why did she leave so early? 某些动词的现在完成时刻表示一直持续到现在的状态: how have you been (recently)? the conference has lasted five days. we’ve known each other since we were children. 特别是动词be,是常常这样用的: he’s been back for three days. (不能用has come back) she has been a teacher for ten years. (不能说has become) he has been in college for a year. (不能说has entered) 由于come, become, enter和get up 等动词都只代表一个短暂的动作,不能代表一个延续的状态,这是需要用be来表示延续的状态:另外有少数动词(主要是work, study, teach, live等)可用于现在完成时表示一直持续到现在的一个动作: how long have you worked here? she has taught english for many years. we’ve lived here for quite a few years. 但大多数动词不宜这样用,而需用现在完成进行时。注:have been (to)长可用来表示“到过某地”或“刚去做过某事” have you ever been to xi’an? xiao liu has just been here. we’ve been here(there)many times. l 现在完成时还可用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中,表示将来某时业已完成的动作: i’ll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder fixed. we’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then i will gibe my opinion when i have read the book through. 这利用“现在完成时”时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成。如果两个动词同时发生,或几乎同时发生,(也就是说一个动作紧接着另一个动作),一般就不用这个时态: i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her. she’ll write you when she gets there. 在这样的情况下(特别是当我们用的是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return 等代表迅即完成的动作的动词时),多用一般现在时。有时两种时态都可以用: we’ll leave as soon as it stops(has stopped) raining. i’ll tell him after you leave (have left). 注:have got 形式上时现在完成时,却和have时同一个意思: she has got (=has) a slight temperature. have you got (=do you have) any sisters? 另外,现在有一种倾向,特别是在美国,在随便谈话时,常用一般过去时代替现在完成时: i saw it already (=i have seen it already). did you return the records yet (=have you returned the records yet)? i just come back (=i’ve just come back).
一般现在时,一般过去时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般将来时。这些就是大的知识点。也有小的,比如一般现在时里面包含现在进行时,一般将来时包括过去将来时。
如下:
一、一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词)
基本结构:①动词原形 ②主语第三人称单数:动词原形+s/es
三种常考基本用法:
1、经常性和习惯性动作
2、客观事实和普遍真理
3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中,一般现在表将来
常见时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.
二、一般过去时:主语+did
基本结构:动词的过去式
基本用法:
1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态
2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作
常见时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.
三、一般将来时:will do/
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
基本用法:
1、(人)计划打算做某事
2、(事)即将发生
will/shall do
1、将来的动作和状态(相对较长远)
2、礼貌询问、客气邀请
3、意愿
常见时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段(格外注意),etc.
四、现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing
基本结构:am/is/are+现在分词
基本用法:
1、此时此刻正在进行的动作
2、现阶段正在进行的动作
常见时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
五、过去进行时:was/were doing
基本结构:was/were+现在分词
基本用法:
1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作
2、过去某时段正在进行的动作
常见时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
具体有以下几种,粗分是过去/现在/将来时,然后过去/现在两种中除一般时态外还有完成时和进行时,将来时中有一般时态。
英语五大时态总结
一般现在时:主+动原。现在完成时:主+have+动词过去分词现在进行时:主+be动词+doing一般过去时:主+动词的一般过去式一般将来时:主+shall+动原自己总结的
构成:主语+ shall/will have been doing 将来完成进行时表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续F去,要视上下文而定。这个时态常和表示将来某一旬的状语连用。如: I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了 If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。 The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months. 这个剧将于8月停演。到那时为止,这个剧将连演三个月了。
英语中根据时间和形式一共有16种时态:1. 一般现在时:结构:由动词表示;但是,如果主语是第三人称单数,将谓语动词改为第三人称单数形式.2. 一般过去时:结构:由动词的过去式表示,动词的过去式有规则变法和不规则变法两种(规则变法就是在动词后面加ed的那种;不规则变法,在教科书单词的后面有一页是表示动词不规则变法的).3. 现在进行时:结构:由助动词(am/ is/ are)+动词的现在分词表示.动词的现在分词,就是在动词后面按要求+ing.4. 现在完成时:结构:有助动词(have/has)+动词的过去分词.动词的过去分词的变法跟动词过去式的变法相同.5. 现在完成进行时:结构:有助动词(have/has)+助动词been+动词的现在分词表示.1.一般现在时:eg. He goes to school by bike every day. 否定句:He doesn't go to school by bike every day. 一般疑问句:Does he go to school by bike every day?特殊疑问句:(He):Who goes to school by bike every day?(goes to school):What does he do by bike every day?(by bike):How does he go to school every day?(every day):When does he go to school by bike?2. 一般过去时:eg. He wrote a letter last night.He didn't write a ltter last night.Did he write a ltter last night?(He):Who wrote a ltter last night?(wrote a letter): What did he do last night?(last night): When did he write a letter?3. 现在进行时:eg. They are playing football there.They aren't playing football there.Are they playing football there?(They): Who is playing football there?(playing football): What are they doing there?(there):Where are they playing football?4. 现在完成时:eg. Tom has worked in that company for 5 years(=since 5 years ago).Tom hasn't worked in that company for 5 years.Has Tom worked in that company for 5 years?(Tom):Who has worked in that company for 5 year?(in that company):Where has Tom worked for 5 years?(for 5 years):How long has Tom worked in that company?5. 现在完成进行时:eg. He has been reading in his room the whole day.He hasn't been reading in his room the whole day.Has he been reading in his room the whole day?(He):Who has been reading in the room the whole day?(reading):What has he been doing in his room the whole day?(in his room):Where has he been reading the whole day?(the whole day):How long has he been reading in his room?
一、时态是什么
时态:表示一个动作发生的时间和所处的状态;时:动作发生的时刻,态:动作在某个时刻的样子,英语中一共有16种时态。
二、时态有哪些
各时态结构及用法:
1.一般现在时 (do/does; is/am/are)
①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。
② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。
③ 客观事实和普遍真理。
④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表)
⑤ 主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。
2. 现在进行时(am/is/are doing)
①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情,但不一定此时此刻正在做。
③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
④现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
3. 过去进行时(was/ were doing)
①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作。
②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
4. 一般将来时
①基本结构是will do。
②表示“打算…,要…”时,可用 am/is/are going to do。
③ 表示“即将、正要”时,可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
④"be to do"的2种用法:
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
5. 将来进行时(will be doing)
强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
6. 过去将来时(would do)
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
7.过去将来进行时:( would be doing )
强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were)
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
②表示过去习惯性动作。would/ used to do:过去常常......
9. 现在完成时(have/has done)
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。
②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。
10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。
11. 过去完成时(had done)
①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。
②表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
12.过去完成进行时:had been doing
表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
13.过去将来完成时:(would have done)
表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作,并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响。
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,并且有可能继续延续下去。
14.过去将来完成进行时:(would have been doing)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。
15. 将来完成时(will have done)
①表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成,强调对将来那个时间产生的影响。
②表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间,并且有可能继续延续下去。
16.将来完成进行时:(will have been doing)
表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。
小学英语五大时态
一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在进行时吧
小学英语时态是一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,一般过去式。要接触4个语法时态,一般现在时,主语+谓语+其它,一般将来时will/be going to。现在进行时主语+be+doing和一般过去式主语+was/were+其它。
基本用法
表示事物或人物的特征、状态。表示经常性、习惯性的动作。表示客观现实。句型。肯定句A. be动词:be+主语+其它。B.行为动词。主语+动词注意人称变化+其它。否定句,A.be动词。主语+be+not+其它。B.行为动词。
主语+助动词do/does+not+d动词原形+其它一般疑问句。A.be动词:be+主语+其它。B.行为动词。助动词Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他.特殊疑问词。疑问词+一般疑问句
小学阶段需要掌握的时态有四种(1)一般现在时,描述经常发生的动作,状态或者客观事实(2)现在进行时,描述正在发生的事情(3)一般将来时,描述将要发生的事情(4)一般过去时,描述过去发生的动作或者状态
一般现在时:一般现在时态中,动词一般用原形。表述事实讲真理,习惯动作常发生。动词词尾加s (es),只表单数三人称。一般过去时:一般过去时并不难,过去动作状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站动词原形前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问也好变,did放在句子前,主动原其依次站。一般将来时:一般将来时,将要发生事。谓语不一般,will 加动原。要变疑问句,will放在主语前,否定句,也不难,will 后面not 添。现在进行时:现在进行很好记,be加动词ing。be由主语来决定,单数is复数are,I后要把am加。句中常有标志词:look, listen and now。
英语中的五大时态
一般现在时:I like music. 一般过去时:I used to work in Shai Hai. 现在进行时: I'm answering your question now. 过去进行时: I was reading a book before i saw your question. 现在完成时: I have almost finished your question. 过去完成时: I had been to Shang Hai before I went to Tian Jin in 2006.
如下:
一、一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词)
基本结构:①动词原形 ②主语第三人称单数:动词原形+s/es
三种常考基本用法:
1、经常性和习惯性动作
2、客观事实和普遍真理
3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中,一般现在表将来
常见时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.
二、一般过去时:主语+did
基本结构:动词的过去式
基本用法:
1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态
2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作
常见时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.
三、一般将来时:will do/
基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
基本用法:
1、(人)计划打算做某事
2、(事)即将发生
will/shall do
1、将来的动作和状态(相对较长远)
2、礼貌询问、客气邀请
3、意愿
常见时间状语:tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段(格外注意),etc.
四、现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing
基本结构:am/is/are+现在分词
基本用法:
1、此时此刻正在进行的动作
2、现阶段正在进行的动作
常见时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.
五、过去进行时:was/were doing
基本结构:was/were+现在分词
基本用法:
1、过去某时刻正在进行的动作
2、过去某时段正在进行的动作
常见时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
一般现在时:do(第三人称does)一般过去时:did一般将来时:will/shall do现在进行时:am/is/are doing过去进行时:was/were doing将来进行时:will be doing现在完成时:have/has done过去完成时:had done 现在完成进行时:have/has been doing过去完成进行时:had been doing将来进行时:will be doing
基本时态:一般过去,一般现在,一般将来; 一般式,进行式,将来式,完成式句型:主语+谓语 l am singing. 主语+谓语+宾语 i love you. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 i call him brother. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 i paint it red. 主语+系动词+表语(常说的主系表结构)It sounds interesting.希望有所帮助。
英语五大基本时态
一般现在时:do(第三人称does)一般过去时:did一般将来时:will/shall do现在进行时:am/is/are doing过去进行时:was/were doing将来进行时:will be doing现在完成时:have/has done过去完成时:had done 现在完成进行时:have/has been doing过去完成进行时:had been doing将来进行时:will be doing
基本时态:一般过去,一般现在,一般将来; 一般式,进行式,将来式,完成式句型:主语+谓语 l am singing. 主语+谓语+宾语 i love you. 主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 i call him brother. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 i paint it red. 主语+系动词+表语(常说的主系表结构)It sounds interesting.希望有所帮助。
在英语中,一共有8个基本时态,分别来自于三时即过去、现在、将来。包括一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、以及过去将来时。
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:always,usually,often,sometimes,every week(day,year,month…),once a week,on Sundays,etc.
基本结构:
①be动词;
②行为动词
否定形式:
①am/is/are+not;
②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①把be动词放于句首;
②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
eg:
①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。
②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。
③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month…),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.
基本结构:
①be动词;
②行为动词
否定形式:
①was/were+not;
②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:
①was或were放于句首;
②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。
eg:
①She often came to help us in those days.
那些天她经常来帮助我们。
②I didn't know you were so busy.
我不知道你这么忙。
三、现在进行时:
概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语:now,at this time,these days,etc.
基本结构:am/is/are+doing.
否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
eg:
①Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉如何?
②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
四、过去进行时:
概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构:was/were+doing
否定形式:was/were+not+doing.
一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。
eg:
①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。
②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时,我正在读报纸。
五、现在完成时:
概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语:recently,lately,since…for…,in the past few years,etc.
基本结构:have/has+done.
否定形式:have/has+not+done.
一般疑问句:have或has提到句首。
eg:
①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。
②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
六、过去完成时:
概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
时间状语:before,by the end of last year(term,month…),etc.
基本结构:had+done.
否定形式:had+not+done.
一般疑问句:had提到句首。
eg:
①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
七、一般将来时:
概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,by…,the day after tomorrow,etc.
基本结构:
①am/is/are/going to+do;
②will+do.
否定形式:
①am/is/are+not going to+do;
②will+not+do
一般疑问句:
①am/is/are放于句首;
②will提到句首。
eg:
①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。
②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
八、过去将来时:
概念:表示从过去某一时间看的将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语:the next day(week,month,year…),soon,in a few minutes,etc.
基本结构:
①was/were going to+do;
②would+do.
否定形式:
①was/were+not going to+do;
②would+not+do
一般疑问句:
①was/were放于句首;
②would提到句首。
eg:
①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。
②I asked who was going there. 我问,谁要去那里。
